The posterior compartment of the ankle can present pathologies which can be addressed through arthroscopy. Loose bodies, osteochondral defects of talar dome or tibial plafond, bony cystic lesions, soft tissue impingement, posterior scar tissue and bony spurs are frequently found in the posterior compartment of the ankle. Symptomatic os trigonum, posterior intermalleolar ligament impingement, talo-calcaneal joint affections, tendinopathy or impingement of the tendon of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and pathology of the Achilles tendon and its insertion, including Haglund’s syndrome, are located in the extra-articular space.