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A major type of non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma was for many years the leading cell type in terms of frequency. Currently, it ranks second to adenocarcinoma but remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. As is the case with small cell cancers, squamous cell carcinomas are centrally located, near the hilum and prone to present with hemoptysis and/or early symptoms related...
Currently, adenocarcinoma ranks as the number one type of major lung cancer, constituting a significant proportion of all of the non-small cell lung cancers. In contrast to small cell and squamous cell lung cancers which are centrally located, most adenocarcinomas are peripheral, subpleural in location. The few that are central may be visualized endoscopically as endobronchial polyoid masses. Radiographically,...
This carcinoma represents about 10% of all lung cancers. Microscopically, its main feature is the high level of malignancy and lack of squamous or glandular features. However, on electron microscopy, features of either adenocarcinoma or squamous cell can be appreciated suggesting that large cell carcinomas are basically poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. Nonetheless,...
Small cell carcinomas are highly malignant tumors composed of relatively small uniform cells with scant cytoplasm and stippled nuclear chromatin pattern. An ultrastructural hallmark of these tumors is the presence of membrane-bound, electron-dense granules that contain a variety of active peptide moieties. Small cell carcinomas occur in middle age and older individuals with a mean age of 59 years...
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