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The purpose of this introduction is to provide the basic concepts of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) underlying the chapters in this book in order to provide a unified terminology. It is not intended as an introductory text to a novice (this would, e.g., require the elaboration of examples and many more details) but rather to fix the language and to avoid unnecessary repetitions of elementary definitions...
New research fields are developing on the foundations of well understood related areas. It is just like in case-based reasoning: Old experiences are reused for new problems. This has the advantage of solid starting points, but the disadvantage of dwelling on old ideas. Some of the adopted ideas need to be replaced by new ones as time goes on (consider the development of modern cars starting with a...
In this chapter, we will focus on the utilization of Case-Based Reasoning for solving problems in the area of diagnosis and decision support. For this, we will first discuss different types of analytic problem solving, explain alternative approaches of coping with specific problems, and finally sketch a number of successful applications.
Electronic commerce applications are just about to leave their infancy. While electronic cash has been around for quite a few years, the amount of business carried out through the Internet is still relatively small compared to the potential of this young technology. There are plenty of reasons for this. Tennenbaum summarizes the barriers for using this medium today with the three words: confidence, convenience...
In this chapter, we will explore a fairly new direction of research in the case-based reasoning community, namely the handling of textual documents. We will explain first why the ability to deal with natural language texts is crucial. We will then discuss more traditional methods for these tasks. Following this, we present the approach of Textual CBR and, in particular, the CBR-Answers project.
Configuration is a design task that is the target of much AI research. It is a comparatively tractable design task and thus can be completely automated in a knowledge based system (KBS). Indeed the earliest commercially successful KBS was XCON, a rule-based system for configuring VAX computers developed by Digital Equipment Corporation. KBS technology has moved on and the dominant techniques...
Planning means constructing a course of actions to achieve a specified set of goals, starting from an initial situation. For example, determining a sequence of actions (a plan) for transporting goods from an initial location to some destination is a typical planning problem in the transportation domain. Many planning problems are of practical interest. The classical generative planning process...
Design research has a number of goals, including a better understanding of design, the development of tools to aid human designers, and the potential automation of some design tasks. Computer-aided design is concerned with using computers to assist in the design process to produce better designs in shorter time. The reuse of well-tested and optimized designs is an important aspect for decreasing design...
The objective of our work is to exploit the mutual interrelations between case-based reasoning and experimental software engineering (ESE) for the sake of both fields. In particular, we address the following topics: Presentation of a logical infrastructure of organizational learning in the software domain that makes use of principles, methods, and established practices from CBR. Utilization...
Knowledge-based tutoring and help systems are designed to support learners and users individually. Such a capability stems from two so-called intelligent properties. Firstly, such a system is able to generate problem solutions automatically, based on its domain knowledge, without having to go back to inflexible, pre-compiled problem solutions (Self 1974). This allows the system to analyze complex...
Medicine differs from other knowledge domains by the interaction of research and practice. The objects are the patients - very complex organisms with high biological variance and a lot of interactive vital processes. The knowledge of these processes and their interactions is often weak. It mostly depends on a high number of sometimes even contradicting signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the individual...
As the previous chapters of this book have shown, case-based reasoning is a technology that has been successfully applied to a large range of different tasks. Through all the different CBR projects, both basic research projects as well as industrial development projects, lots of knowledge and experience about how to build a CBR application has been collected. Today, there is already an increasing...
As already mentioned in the introduction of this book, case-based reasoning has its origins in cognitive science and artificial intelligence: Cognitive science was looking for a model of human problem solving. Artificial Intelligence was searching for means to overcome the shortcomings of rule-based expert system for generic and effective problem solving methods. Because of...
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