In this paper, exponential anti-synchronization in mean square of an uncertain memristor-based neural network is studied. The uncertain terms include non-modeled dynamics with boundary and stochastic perturbations. Based on the differential inclusions theory, linear matrix inequalities, Gronwall’s inequality and adaptive control technique, an adaptive controller with update laws is developed to realize the exponential anti-synchronization. Adaptive controller can adjust itself behavior to get the best performance, according to the environment is changing or the environment has changed, which has the ability to adapt to environmental change. Furthermore, a numerical example is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.