Supramolecular nanostructures derived from self-assembling oligothiophenes and tetrathiafulvalenes are reviewed. The two representative sulfur-containing π-electron systems have been extensively studied for their application in material sciences and have been shown to exhibit their excellent characteristics in conductive and optical properties. In the last decade, several researchers have developed these versatile π-electron systems as soft materials by means of substituents that cause weak intermolecular interactions. As the result, unique nanostructures such as fibers and particles endowed with characteristic conductive and optical properties have been demonstrated. These techniques may offer a bottom-up approach to construct future organic and molecular electronics.