Children with epilepsy and normal intelligence show a markedly increased risk of being sent to a school for children with special needs. An important reason contributing to this, besides the stigma the disease still bears, is the increased prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The attention deficit disorder is increased by a factor of 3 to 5 in children with epilepsy and usually precedes the manifestation of epilepsy by several years. In contrast to children without epilepsy, the unattentive subtype (i.e., without hyperactivity) dominates. In children with well-controlled epilepsy, drug therapy with stimulants is usually well tolerated and should be commenced if indicted. Even in children with unremitted epilepsy, stimulant therapy is not strictly contraindicated. In this case, however, patients should have frequent check-ups.