This article argues that it is both necessary and possible for China to legislate on the prosecution and punishment of the crime of genocide. It analyzes the legal framework established by the Genocide Convention which was ratified by China, and contends that the country is under an obligation to enact the provisions of the Convention through domestic legislation for reasons including: the establishment of the ICC, which has presented practical needs for China to perfect its domestic legislation, the need to satisfy the requirement of willingness and ability, and to allow for the exercise of universal jurisdiction. The article claims that the well-rooted idea of equality among different ethnic groups in China further serves as a good psychological foundation for legislation on genocide.