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Abstract: Present perceptions of trophic status are reviewed and considered wanting against the early Thienemann-Naumann classification based on lake metabolism. This theme is developed through a consideration of the supportive capacities defined by the supplies of each of the main anabolic components and by the processing of fixed carbon through the water column and in the superficial sediments. The import of external organic carbon is acceptable within the oxidative capacity of the aquatic system but an excess challenges its conventional sustainability. A recent application of metabolic modelling to the management of a lake subject to anthropogenic influences is presented.