For the efficient simulation of fluid flows governed by a wide range of scales a wavelet-based adaptive multi-resolution solver on heterogeneous parallel architectures is proposed for computational fluid dynamics. Both data- and task-based parallelisms are used for multi-core and multi-GPU architectures to optimize the efficiency of a high-order wavelet-based multi-resolution adaptative scheme with a 6th-order adaptive central-upwind weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for discretization of the governing equations. A modified grid-block data structure and a new boundary reconstruction method are introduced. A new approach for detecting small scales without using buffer levels is introduced to obtain additional speed-up by minimizing the number of required blocks. Validation simulations are performed for a double-Mach reflection with different refinement criteria. The simulations demonstrate accuracy and computational performance of the solver.