Prostate cancer, one of the most significant health threats for aging men in the developed world, is the second most common cancer in United States (US) men, who have a 1 in 6 lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis and a 1 in 30 lifetime risk of prostate cancer death (1). Over the past decade, increased use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer screening has increased the fraction of men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer; concomitantly, prostate cancer mortality rates have begun to fall (1–3). Despite this progress, approx 189,000 prostate cancer diagnoses and 30,200 prostate cancer deaths were anticipated in the US in 2002 (1). Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates differ substantially among various ethnic groups, with African-American men having the highest rates in the world. As these data suggest, the genetic, environmental, nutritional, and biologic variables of this disease are not well understood. Important psychosocial and quality-of-life consequences of the disease process and its treatment add to the burden of prostate cancer on public health.