Although the mechanism of acupuncture therapy is not yet well understood, substantial evidence has shown that acupuncture produces prominent therapeutic effects on woman infertility, and acupuncture combined with assisted reproduction technology (ART) is observed to markedly enhance the pregnancy rate of the infertile woman treated with “in vitro fertilization” or “intracytoplasmic sperm injection”. In this chapter, we will summarize the clinical and experimental data, and discuss the reproduction-neuroendocrine mechanism of acupuncture for the treatment of woman infertility. Acupuncture is believed to correct the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitaryovarian axis (HPOA) by adjusting the function of the female reproductive system at the levels of the whole body, organs, and cells. However, acupuncture is not observed to change the normal function of HPOA. Various clinical and laboratory studies have proven, with scientific evidence, that acupuncture is a valid, safe, and cost-effective therapy for most woman patients who suffer from infertility.