For the example of PRFBKh6-2 alloy and P6M5 steel powders, the structure of plasma coatings after electromechanical treatment is investigated by scanning probe microscopy. After such treatment, ultradisperse and nano hardening phases are formed in the coating. These phases are formed by the decomposition of the coating’s initial fast-quenched structure in high-speed treatment. The formation of characteristic structural zones hardened by nanoparticles and ultradisperse particles is analyzed; the proportions of nanoparticles and ultradisperse particles are determined by the parameters of the sprayed powder and the conditions of plasma spraying and subsequent electromechanical treatment.