Strong photoluminescence enhancement of chemically inert and biocompatible SiC quantum dots (QDs) ensured by their near-field coupling with multipolar localized plasmons is experimentally demonstrated. The main physical mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are described with the use of three-dimensional FDTD simulations. Nano-Ag/SiNX/glass plasmonic substrates were shown to be efficiently used for significant luminescence enhancement of fibroblast cells labeled with the SiC QDs. The proposed approach allows a plasmon-induced enhancement of fluorescent cell imaging.