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Key Points The 5 D’s of development—density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit—affect the physical, social, and mental health of community residents. The 5 D’s influence whether a community is attractive and walkable, can support transit, and has convenient destinations that support quality of life and reduce automobile dependence. ...
Key Points Hazards in homes include lead, allergens, mold, environmental tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide, asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, excessive heat and cold, crowding, and conditions associated with falls, among others. These are linked to many adverse health outcomes, including asthma, allergies, lung cancer, injuries, poor mental health, and neurodevelopmental disorders...
Key Points The work environment contains opportunities to promote health, well-being, and safety while also contributing to environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Interventions such as sustainable food systems, walkable environments, attractive stairwells, and active transportation infrastructure can increase worker health on and off the job and promote sustainability...
Key Points Health care settings represent a unique built environment because their primary function is maintaining and restoring health. In health care settings, patients, staff, visitors, and even community members may all be affected by design. Design features of health care institutions such as improved indoor air quality and natural daylighting may promote...
Key Points Schools are unique built environments because children are especially vulnerable to environmental hazards. Schools are also unique built environments because of their high density, their long hours of use, the multiplicity of functions they house, and their role as workplaces for teachers and staff. The school’s surroundings—the site on which it is built...
Key Points Nature contact may benefit health, a relationship supported by both theoretical and empirical considerations. Nature contact may take many forms in the built environment, such as plantings in buildings, views out windows, biophilic building design, community gardens, and parks and greenspace. Evidence supports many benefits of such nature contact, ranging...
Key Points The levels of physical and mental harm to persons and physical damage to property occurring during and after natural and manmade disasters are influenced by community design. Community resilience, the ability to bounce back after a disaster, is influenced by preparedness planning, community design, and social networks. Community design features that...
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