Estrogens and estrogen mimics that enter the environment are known to present a serious threat to the development and reproduction of vertebrates by disrupting their normal endocrine function. There is also concern that such chemicals may be damaging to invertebrates. In this study, Hydra vulgaris, a member of the Cnidaria, an evolutionarily primitive group of invertebrates present before the divergence of the protostomes and deuterostomes, was exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA), both of which are known to be estrogenic in fish. Effects on polyp survival, structure, and regeneration (and sexual reproduction for EE2) were examined and mortality was recorded at high concentrations, with 96-h LC50s of 3.8 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L for EE2 and BPA, respectively. The structure and physiology of polyps was adversely affected at concentrations greater than 58 g/L EE2 and 42 g/L BPA. There was a concentration-related inhibition of regeneration above 150 g/L EE2 and 460 g/L BPA. Sexual reproduction was only impaired at 500 g/L EE2. These results clearly suggest that the signaling processes necessary for the control and regulation of cell movement and differentiation during normal development, regeneration, and sexual reproduction in H. vulgaris are not disrupted by estrogenic pollutants at low environmentally relevant concentrations.