The environmental and health monitoring activities associated with the planned demolition of the former chemical weapons production facility (CWPF), the detached Plant No 4 at JSC Khimprom, Novocheboksarsk, Russia are presented, the prospected demolition being briefly outlined. The various organizations responsible for environmental and health activities are introduced. Through a comprehensive environmental impact assessment, the major risk factors for the workers, the population and the environment has been outlined. It is concluded by the environmental impact assessment that, if the accepted solutions are followed and observed, the demolition of the former CWPF will not significantly affect the environment and the living conditions of the population of Novocheboksarsk and the surrounding territories. A close collaboration between national and regional socio-hygienic monitoring activities and local information activities are strongly emphasized in order to achieve maximum public confidence and acceptance in the demilitarization process.