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Post-traumatic headaches are those that are induced by trauma to the head and/or neck. Post-traumatic headaches are one of the most common secondary headache disorders. Diagnosis is based upon the temporal relationship of headache onset with trauma and exclusion of other potential headache causes. Post-traumatic headaches follow variable courses, with the majority resolving within the first 3 months...
Cervicogenic headache is pain referred to the head from nociceptive structures in the cervical spine. The prevalence of cervicogenic headache varies from 0.7% to 13.8%. The pathophysiology of the headache involves convergence between cervical and trigeminal afferents in the trigeminocervical nucleus. Cervicogenic headache is, in principle, a unilateral headache without side shift but it may also be...
Any new-onset headache in a subject >50 years raises the suspicion of giant cell arteritis (GCA). GCA may cause any type of headache, associated or not with other suggestive clinical features such as fatigue, fever, jaw claudication, temporal arteries abnormalities, shoulder and pelvic girdle pain, or visual alterations. The main risk is visual loss by anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Diagnosis...
This chapter addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). While classical TN has no apparent cause other than vascular compressions, symptomatic TN is caused by a demonstrable structural lesion such as cerebellopontine angle tumors or multiple sclerosis. Categorization of TN into typical and atypical forms is based on symptom constellation, and not etiology. Some...
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain (PIFP) is a moderate or severe continuous pain disorder in the facial region. The pain is usually deep and poorly localized, and the quality is of burning, cramping, or dull quality. The incidence is estimated to 2–4 per 100,000 but exact epidemiological data are lacking. Persistent idiopathic facial pain is a difficult diagnostic group compared to other pain categories...
In emergency departments, the top priority is to establish a precise etiologic diagnosis and to classify the headache as a primary headache, a benign secondary headache, such as from influenza, or a secondary headache due to a serious condition, requiring further exploration or emergency treatment (meningeal hemorrhage, meningitis, intracranial hypertension, amongst others). The crucial part of this...
Relatively very limited studies have addressed the epidemiology of headache in tropical countries. The few that have been published are mainly on migraine. Headache in general and migraine in particular, are under-recognized and underdiagnosed in the tropics. Nevertheless, chronic headache appears to be less prevalent in the tropics than in North America and Europe. There are a number of clinical...
Headache management in the Tropics is somewhat different from what prevails in the Temperate zones primarily because of the many regional factors that impact a primary headache disorder like migraine. There are different geographical factors, different environmental problems and different cultural attitudes. The aim of this chapter is to try and appraise a worldwide audience of these factors that...
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