The aim of physiotherapy following spinal stabilization is to restore active straightening, posture control, as well as trunk and spinal mobility. The functions should be integrated in everyday movements and patient independence should be regained. To this end, a detailed treatment plan based on comprehensive information from the surgeon, as well as physiotherapeutic findings, is required. In spite of treatment pathways, these individual principles form the basis of a targeted, function-specific and sparing physiotherapy. The 1- to 2-week period of physiotherapeutic treatment during the acute in-patient phase is followed by a 3- to 8-week phase of out-patient physiotherapy. This can be followed by further out-patient physiotherapy or an approved in-patient follow-up treatment. Generally, a trial return to work can be considered from week 13. A prerequisite of effective treatment is a joint treatment strategy between surgeon and physiotherapist.