This chapter considers what an economic perspective can bring to the management of disease in wildlife. The chapter starts by outlining the scope of economics as a discipline and its relevance to wildlife and disease management. It goes on to identify the main economic impacts of disease in wildlife and the economic dimensions of wildlife disease management issues. An economic framework for the consideration of wildlife disease management is explored, as is the relevance and use of the cost—benefit analysis approach, which is fundamental to policy analysis and project appraisal. The economic literature relating to wildlife disease management is briefly reviewed, and problems and issues for economic analyses in this area are discussed.