Homeopathy is listed as a special therapeutic option in Book Five of the German Social Code. For medical doctors, the objectives, content and completion of postgraduate training is regulated and formally licensed by the regional medical councils. Classical homeopathy, which includes extensive history-taking to establish specific signs and symptoms in order to identify the appropriate individual remedy (repertorisation) is greatly appreciated by patients and homeopaths, while complex homeopathic remedies can be successfully prescribed for indications without the above-mentioned training. The article describes homeopathy and the existing clinical trials evaluating classical homeopathy and complex homeopathic remedies in patients with sterility and climacteric symptoms, gives practical recommendations and discusses special problems and challenges in conducting clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic treatment. Pragmatic use of this widespread therapeutic option can be recommended, especially in difficult therapeutic situations and in vulnerable patients, and homeopathy needs to be further evaluated in well-designed clinical trials.