Various combinatorial libraries were screened for short peptides of 4–10 mer, which were used as sensor molecules for capturing target chemicals or biomolecules. Immuno-antibodies can be synthesized in the living bodies of higher animals even for low-molecular-weight nonnatural chemical compounds, such as dioxins or PCBs. Recently, some peptide ligands that can even bind to inorganic crystals have been reported. This indicates that the 20 natural amino acids have the potential to recognize almost all types of molecules and substances. The question arises whether one should design a “rational” mini library of peptides consisting of a limited number of amino acids according to the motifs in epitopes or paratopes or the binding pocket sequences in receptors, or a completely “random” combinatorial library containing all sequences. If one wants to obtain a peptide binder to target a small chemical compound, the answer is a “random” library, since the molecular interaction between the target compound and an amino acid cannot be precisely predicted beforehand. In this section, we discuss the possibility of using short combinatorial peptides as binders for biosensors to detect chemical compounds.