Overall cancer death rates in the United States have continued to decrease since the early 1990s largely because of reduction in smoking and improved treatment for many cancers. However, this overall decrease masks the continued and often increasing gaps in cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship between and within racial/ethnic minority groups as well as other specific population groups in this country. These differences extend across the cancer continuum of prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and end of life.