Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint in a primary care setting and the second most overall complaint after pain. The 2005 Sleep in America Poll by the National Sleep Foundation, however, found that less than one-third of patients were asked about sleep by their primary care provider and only 45% of responders said they would think to discuss sleep issues with their provider, even though 75% said they had experienced problems with sleep several nights a week within the past year. For these reasons, it is incumbent upon the provider to evaluate and treat sleep complaints. Since midlevel providers (NPs and PAs) are being represented in larger numbers in today’s health-care field especially in primary care, it is important for them to realize the importance of insomnia as a complaint and what to do about it.