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Principles of oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, suspension, and mixing are discussed in the context of propagating aggregates of plant tissue in liquid suspension bioreactors. Although micropropagated plants have a relatively low biological oxygen demand (BOD), the relatively large tissue size and localization of BOD in meristematic regions will typically result in oxygen mass transfer limitations...
Six identical bioreactors were constructed and built at the Agricultural University of Norway to provide optimal conditions for plant cell regeneration from cells into somatic embryos (“clonal or somatic seeds”). This was made possible through cooperation in COST87 by a European network in a working group on regeneration from plant cell cultures. The bioreactor design provides gentle stirring through...
Bioreactors are an efficient tool for the production of plant propagules but, at present, their application is commercialized in only a few tissue culture companies. The present article reviews practical aspects of the use of bioreactors in the mass propagation of plants in relation to the responses of plant propagules in liquid medium, the characteristics of bioreactor culture techniques in plant...
Bioreactors provide a rapid and efficient plant propagation system for many agricultural and forestry species, utilizing liquid media to avoid intensive manual handling. Large-scale liquid cultures have been used for micropropagation through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis pathways. Various types of bioreactors with gas-sparged mixing are suitable for the production of clusters of buds, meristems...
Automation of micropropagation via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in a bioreactor has been advanced as a possible way of reducing costs. Micropropagation by conventional techniques is typically a labour-intensive means of clonal propagation. The paper describes lower cost and less labour-intensive clonal propagation through the use of modified air-lift, bubble column, bioreactors (a balloon-type...
Membranes less attractive to embryos were tested as a replacement for nylon screens to prevent adherence of somatic embryos, cell clusters and cells to different sites of the bioreactor, a feature considered undesirable in plant cell suspension cultures. The results showed that the loss of embryogenic cell-mass could be halved by using silicone or track membranes. For aeration purposes, these membranes...
A low-cost Growtek bioreactor has been designed, patented and commercialised. It has unique features such as a floating and rotating explant-holder with perforated explant support and a side tube for medium changing, culture feeding and for content monitoring. The bioreactor can be operated both in static and agitated modes. Extensive performance studies have been conducted using representatives of...
Single node cuttings (1 cm in length) of Chrysanthemum were cultured on gelled and liquid media to compare shoot multiplication efficiency. Liquid culture resulted in greater fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length and leaf area compared to gelled culture. Shoots from liquid culture grew vigorously without hyperhydricity, showing 100% ex vitro survival. To determine optimal inoculation density of single...
The effect of physical and chemical environmental parameters on growth and differentiation of suspension cultures of the moss Physcomitrella patens in bioreactors was investigated. By supplementation of the aeration gas with 2 % (v/v) CO2 as well as by continuous illumination, growth of this photoautotrophic growing batch culture was markedly enhanced, resulting in a doubling time of 1.2 d. The growth...
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