Serwis Infona wykorzystuje pliki cookies (ciasteczka). Są to wartości tekstowe, zapamiętywane przez przeglądarkę na urządzeniu użytkownika. Nasz serwis ma dostęp do tych wartości oraz wykorzystuje je do zapamiętania danych dotyczących użytkownika, takich jak np. ustawienia (typu widok ekranu, wybór języka interfejsu), zapamiętanie zalogowania. Korzystanie z serwisu Infona oznacza zgodę na zapis informacji i ich wykorzystanie dla celów korzytania z serwisu. Więcej informacji można znaleźć w Polityce prywatności oraz Regulaminie serwisu. Zamknięcie tego okienka potwierdza zapoznanie się z informacją o plikach cookies, akceptację polityki prywatności i regulaminu oraz sposobu wykorzystywania plików cookies w serwisie. Możesz zmienić ustawienia obsługi cookies w swojej przeglądarce.
In this paper, we generalize the notion of self-adapting one-dimensional index structures to a wide class of spatial index structures. The resulting query responsive index structures can adapt their structure to the users’ query pattern and thus have the potential to improve the response time in practice. We outline two general approaches to providing query responsiveness and present the results in...
Topological relations are sometimes insufficient for differentiating spatial configurations of two objects with critical difference in their connection styles. In this paper, we present the projective 9 + -intersection model, which refines topological relations into projective binary relations by considering projective properties of the objects’ shapes. This is indeed a reformulation...
Let and be two road networks represented in vector form and covering rectangular areas R and R′, respectively, not necessarily parallel to each other, but with R′ ⊂ R. We assume that and use different coordinate systems at (possibly) different, but known scales. Let and denote sets of ”prominent”...
Dynamic geographic phenomena, such as forest fires and oil spills, can have dire environmental, sociopolitical, and economic consequences. Mitigating, if not preventing such events requires the use of advanced spatio-temporal information systems. One such system that has gained widespread interest is the wireless sensor network (WSN), a deployment of sensor nodes – tiny untethered computing devices,...
Many spatial data mining and spatial modeling approaches use Euclidean distance in modeling spatial dependence. Although meaningful and convenient, Euclidean distance has weaknesses. These include providing an over simplified representation of spatial dependence, being limited to certain spatial pattern and symmetrical relationships, being unable to account for cross-class dependencies, and unable...
A trajectory is the time-stamped path of a moving entity through space. Given a set of trajectories, this paper proposes new conceptual definitions for a spatio-temporal pattern named Herd and four types of herd evolvements: expand, join, shrink, and leave based on the definition of a related term flock. Herd evolvements are identified through measurements of Precision, Recall, and F-score. A graph-based...
The volume of real-time streaming data produced by geo-referenced sensors and sensor networks is staggeringly large and growing rapidly. Queries on these geo-streams often require tracking spatio-temporal extent (e.g. evolving region) continuously in real time. The notion of real-time monitoring and notification requires support from a database capable of tracking and querying dynamic and transient...
This study examined how people use verbal route directions given in relative and absolute frames of reference in real-world navigation, particularly differences or similarities in cognitive load posed by the two frames of reference. Participants, Japanese speakers, walked the first set of five routes with relative (or absolute) directions and the second set of five routes with absolute (or relative)...
Wireless sensor networks are growing from a few hand-placed devices to more large-scale networks in terms of coverage and node density. For various concerns, such as scalability, larger network sizes require some management of the large volume of data that a sensor network delivers. One way to manage this data is processing information in the network. This paper investigates how a sensor network’s...
While similarity has gained in importance in research about information retrieval on the (geospatial) semantic Web, information retrieval paradigms and their integration into existing spatial data infrastructures have not been examined in detail so far. In this paper, intensional and extensional paradigms for similarity-based information retrieval are introduced. The differences between these paradigms...
Environmental observation applications are designed for monitoring phenomena using heterogeneous sensor data types and for providing derived and often integrated information. To effectively handle such a large variety of different sensors, both in scale and type and data volume, we propose a geosensor abstraction for large-scale geosensor networks. Our SGSA(Slope Grid for Sensor Data Abstraction)...
The 9 + -intersection is an extension of the 9-intersection, which distinguishes the topological relations between various spatial objects by the pattern of a nested matrix. This paper develops a small set of constraints on this matrix, which is applicable to arbitrary pairs of spatial objects in various spaces. Based on this set of universal constraints, the sets of matrix patterns, each representing...
Movement patterns, like flocking and converging, leading and following, are examples of high-level process knowledge derived from low-level trajectory data. Conventional techniques for the detection of movement patterns rely on centralized “omniscient” computing systems that have global access to the trajectories of mobile entities. However, in decentralized spatial information processing systems,...
The paper presents a framework for sensitivity analysis (SA) in spatial multiple criteria evaluation (S-MCE). The framework focuses on three aspects of S-MCE: spatiality, scope, and cardinality. Spatiality stresses the importance of spatial criteria and spatial weights that should be explicitly considered in GIS-based MCE. Scope relates to the extent of SA, ranging from local one-at-a-time criterion...
The facilitation of interoperability requires a clear distinction if a relation refers to classes of individuals or to specific instances, in particular when it comes to the logical properties of the involved relations. Class relations are defined whenever the semantics of entire classes are described, independently of single instances. Typical examples are spatial semantic integrity constraints or...
This paper presents an automatic approach to mining collections of maps from the Web. Our method harvests images from the Web and then classifies them as maps or non-maps by comparing them to previously classified map and non-map images using methods from Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Our approach outperforms the accuracy of the previous approach by 20% in F1-measure. Further, our method is...
The determination of a precise position in geosensor networks requires the use of measurements which are inherently inaccurate while minimizing the required computations. The imprecise positions produced using these inaccurate measurements mean that available methods for measurement of distances or angles are unsuitable for use in most applications. In this paper we present a new approach, the Anomaly...
Current applications for wayfinding and navigation assistance usually calculate the route to a destination based on the shortest or fastest path from the origin. However, numerous findings in cognitive science show that the ease of use and communication of route instructions depends on factors other than just the length of a route, such as the number and complexity of decision points. Building on...
Road networks, roads, and junctions are examples of natural language terms whose semantics can be described by affordances of their physical referents. In order to define affordances in such a way that they can be used for classifying and describing instances in a geographic database, one has to deal with the problems of informational incompleteness and limited definability. In this paper, we propose...
New methods of data collection, in particular the wide range of sensors and sensor networks that are being constructed, with the ability to collect real-time data streams, provide a driver for an appropriate underlying theory for information related to dynamic geographic phenomena. This paper investigates the underlying processes by which entities with both spatial and aspatial components may evolve...
Podaj zakres dat dla filtrowania wyświetlonych wyników. Możesz podać datę początkową, końcową lub obie daty. Daty możesz wpisać ręcznie lub wybrać za pomocą kalendarza.