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Basic knowledge of the normal intra-abdominal anatomy and of the anatomical variants is essential to understanding the spread of pathology within the peritoneum. Of special importance are constant landmarks, i.e., the anatomical relationships maintained and bounded by peritoneal and fascial attachments as well as by the abdominal adipose tissue. The peritoneal and extraperitoneal spaces and their...
Recent technological advances have given rise to a wide range of diagnostic and interventional imaging-guided procedures for an increasing number of abdominal parenchymal diseases, such as those involving the kidneys, adrenals, or pancreas. However, the liver, and the cirrhotic liver in particular, still represents the main field of application of abdominal imaging modalities. Imaging plays a key...
The acute abdomen is a common and often challenging emergency in the pediatric population. This chapter provides an approach to the imaging evaluation of children, highlighting briefly the more common causes of abdominal pain that may require surgery.
The principle that guides imaging of the pediatric genito — urinary tract is the same that guides imaging elsewhere in the body of the child: judicious use of imaging while minimizing ionizing radiation exposure [1] and unnecessary sedation. Ultrasound (US) is the main imaging modality of the genitourinary tract, providing excellent images of the kidneys and bladder. Also, at the level of these organs,...
Malignant tumors are the second most common cause of death in the western world [1]. Based on the assumption that patients’ prognoses can be improved by the adoption of stage-adapted therapy, accurate clinical and radiological tumor staging must be considered as essential when assessing primary tumors and recurrent disease. In addition, different imaging procedures are used for therapy response assessment...
The basic principle of positron emission tomography (PET) is the use of positron-emitting-isotope-labeled pharmaceuticals that are integrated into a metabolic pathway. Positron-emitting isotopes are characterized by a beta plus-decay, in which a positron is emitted. This positron collides with and annihilates any of the many shell electrons in the neighboring atoms, thereby producing two 511-keV gamma...
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