While needle sharing remains the main source of HIV transmission in China, the percentage of HIV infections from sexual transmission is steadily increasing, and commercial sex work is regarded as one of the primary factors leading to this increase. Current government policies such as the criminalization of sex workers and “severely cracking down on illegal activities such as sex work” (Ministry of Public Security, 1981) have a limited positive impact on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Moreover, they leave sex workers socially and legally marginalized, thereby limiting the effectiveness of prevention and outreach programs.