An attempt has been made to explore the possibility of using a natural mineral, namely sillimanite, as dispersoid for synthesizing aluminum alloy composite by solidification technique. The abrasive wear behavior of this composite has been studied through factorial design of experiments. The wear behavior of the composite (Y composite) and the alloy (Y alloy) is expressed in terms of the coded values of different experimental parameters like applied load (x 1), abrasive size (x 2), and sliding distance (x 3) by the following linear regression equations: $$\begin{gathered} = 20.94 + 15.22x_1 + 5.94x_2 - 1.95x_3 + 4.82x_1 x_2 - 1.45x_1 x_3 + 1.29x_2 x_3 + 1.60x_1 x_2 x_3 \hfill \\ Y_{composite} = 21.05 + 15.69x_1 + 9.5x_2 - 2.51x_3 + 7.41x_1 x_2 - 2.33x_1 x_3 + 0.52x_2 x_3 + 0.10x_1 x_2 x_3 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ These equations suggest that (i) the effect of the load is more severe on the wear rate of each of the materials and (ii) the wear rate of the materials increases with an increase in applied load and abrasive size, but decreases with increase in sliding distance (iii) interaction of these parameters are quite significant towards the wear of these materials (iv) above a critical load and abrasive size the composite suffers from higher wear rate than that of the matrix alloy. These facts have been explained on the basis of wear mechanisms.