Sexually transmitted diseases are a global problem. These infections may lead to acute or chronic diseases. Chlamydia trachomatis is a dangerous and widespread pathogenicity factor that is not sensitive to conventional drugs and has no obvious symptoms. CPAF protein is a leading factor of pathogenesis. This protein inhibits the signaling pathways of the host cell and supports long survival of the pathogen in the host cell. The goal of this work was to review the general properties of the proteosome chlamydia CPAF protein, its functions, and role in pathology. The role of CPAF protein in the antichlamydia immune reaction is discussed. The prospects of the development of a promising antichlamydia vaccine, as well as new effective antichlamydia, drugs are also discussed.