Since the introduction of assisted reproduction (ART), the health and psychosocial development of the children born has been subject of concern. Data on the physical and mental health of children born after the use of ART techniques are summarized and discussed. Children born after ART have an increased risk for major malformations and an increase in perinatal morbidity. Generally, ART children are healthy, and mental and psychomotor development is similar to those born after spontaneous conception. Cancer risk is also not increased. However, some large registry-based studies have found an increase in neurological sequelae in children after ART. Low birth weight and gestational age, which are more often found even in singletons after ART, are independent risk factors for neurological sequelae such as cerebral palsy. According these data, there seems to be a risk attributed to infertility. An unknown genetic risk in the parents can often not be neglected.