The effect of stimulation of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala (ABL) on the impulse activity of respiratory neurons (RNs) of the rat medulla and the respiratory function was studied in the norm and under conditions of oxygen deficiency. Electrical stimulation of the ABL under conditions of normal atmospheric pressure exerted ambivalent effects on bulbar RNs; both activation and inhibition of these neurons were observed, but inhibitory effects noticeably prevailed. Electrical stimulation of the ABL within an initial phase of hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to ascent to a 4,000 to 5,000 m altitude exerted mostly inhibitory effects on the RN activity (similarly to what was observed under normoxia conditions). Stimulation of these nuclei within a phase of intensive hypoxia (7,500 to 8,000 m) evoked no typical responses of such neurons against the background of hypoxic suppression of their activities.