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Microarrays are new analytical devices that allow the parallel and simultaneous detection of thousands of target compounds. Microarrays, also called DNA chips, are widely used in gene expression, the genotyping of individuals, point mutations, detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms, and short tandem repeats. Microarrays have highly specific base-pair interactions with labeled complementary...
The data reported in literature demonstrate that screen-printed carbon electrodes are very suitable for supporting nucleic-acid layers and to transduce effectively the DNA recognition event and many works have been devoted to developing self contained screen-printed DNA chips. In an effort to develop a rapid and efficient scheme for immobilizing nucleic acids onto carbon screen-printed transducers,...
Over the last decade, the development of DNA microarray technology has allowed the simultaneous analysis of many thousands of different genes in histological or cytological specimens. Although DNA microarrays can also be fabricated by photolithographic synthesis, the current paper focuses mainly on methods of DNA attachment by spotting on solid surfaces. Chemical modifications on solid surfaces (such...
There are several advantages for using biotin-streptavidin/avidin (strept(avi-din)) systems to immobilize nucleic acids and other molecules. These include the essential irreversible, but not covalent, binding of biotin to strept(avidin), the ease of biotinylating a large number of molecules without interfering with their function or the binding of biotin by strept(avidin), and the stability of strept(avidin)...
DNA chips are extensively used for genome and transcriptome analyses in the post-genomic sequence era. A self-assembly technique can be applied to the immobilization of biomaterials, such as proteins, and oligonucleotides, in addition to the immobilization of synthetic polymers, to develop novel biosensor configurations. Most conventional DNA chips consist of a probe DNA directly immobilized on a substrate...
The present article draws a general picture of the bead assisted DNA immobilization on chips. The authors wish to present these systems since really interesting results in terms of sensitivity, generic aspect, and throughput were observed when using immobilization based on beads. These characteristics are linked to an increase of the specific chip surface and, to the handling and arraying of a large...
Immobilized oligonucleotides form the critical sensing element of many nucleic acid detection methodologies. However, pressures on performance and versatility, along with an increasing desire to expand the scope of targets and assay platforms has driven the integration of special modifications to enhance stability, functionality and binding characteristics. Separately, aptamers, protein-binding motifs...
A new approach, a short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips (SOLAC) is developed to detect DNA mutations. The SOLAC approach can be carried out through two experimental schemes: loss-of-signal (SOLAC-LOS) and gain-of-signal (SOLAC-GOS). In both experimental schemes, probes with a disulfide modification on their terminuses are immobilized onto mercaptosilane derivatized glass slides through...
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