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Recent developments in near-field optical microscopy have made it possible to obtain optical images with nanometer-scale spatial resolution by scanning a fiber probe with a sub-wavelength aperture [1]. In attempts to improve performance in spatially resolved spectroscopy, a serious problem of the fiber probe is its low throughput (in the case of illumination-mode operation, the throughput is defined...
Many kinds of electron beam devices have been developed and utilized in various scientific areas since the early 1900’s [1]. For instance, microwave amplifiers and oscillators, electron accelerators, and various types of electron microscopes have made major contributions to establish modern science and technology, such as high-speed communication, elementary particle physics, and solid-state physics...
In recent years, much effort has been directed towards the development of optical biosensors. While direct sensors are capable of monitoring the presence of an analyte without the use of labelling groups, the class of indirect sensors exploits the signal enhancement caused by bound marker molecules. Surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPS) as a direct detection method [1] is known to lack sensitivity for...
Reduced dimensions of carrier motion down to zero-dimensional (OD) can be realized in semiconductor quantum dots. In such OD systems, fully quantized states will significantly improve performance in photonic and electronic device applications [1]. One of the most representative structures is self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs), using the Stranski-Krastanow (SK) growth mode, in which dots form spontaneously...
Several theoretical approaches, different from their viewpoints to optical near-field problems, have been proposed for a decade. The essential points in difference are related to what the optical near-field interaction is, or how materials respond to light confined in a small area less than the wavelength. The so-called classical approach that is based on the macroscopic Maxwell equations extends...
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