General principles established by the authors on the structure formation in chemical substances which are based on series of ideas and concepts of V.B. Aleskovskii are presented in this review. Main pathways of the formation of the structure of a substance (iteration, dissymmetrization, modularization, hierarchization) are considered. It is shown that the structure of a substance is one of the sources of origin of information. New qualitative approach to the understanding of the information phenomenon is advanced. Information is considered as an inherent parameter of a system appearing in the course of the description of the “choice” by the system of one of its possible structural states.