In this paper, we report the development and characterization of genic microsatellite markers for mungbean by mining sequence database, and transferability of the markers to Asian Vigna species. A total of 157 markers were designed upon searching for SSR in 830 transcript sequences. Thirty-three loci revealed single copy polymorphism in a panel of 17 mungbean accessions with number of alleles ranging from 2 to 8, and observed heterozygosity from 0 to 0.3125. Seven loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium. Two pairwise combinations of allele frequencies implied linkage disequilibrium. Cross-species amplification in 19 taxa of Asian Vigna using 85 primers showed that amplification rates varied between 80% (V. aconitifolia) to 95.3% (V. reflexo-pilosa). These mungbean genic microsatellite markers will be useful to study genetic resource and conservation of Asian Vigna species.