In the last decade almost one hundred research articles related to earth construction have been published in Scopus journals. This represents a tenfold increase when compared to the research articles published in the 90s meaning that earth construction is an important issue for future eco-efficient construction. Although the majority of earth constructions are located in less developed countries, this kind of construction can also be found in the UK, France or Germany, where several universities have courses on this subject. This chapter addresses the different construction techniques associated to earth construction. The soil selection and the stabilization processes with lime and Portland cement are described. The different tests for the assessment of the durability of earth specimens are reviewed. This chapter also covers the eco-efficiency aspects associated to earth construction.