The cultures of rabbit chondrocyte and mouse ES cells were carried out on the dendrimer-immobilized surfaces with d-glucose display. A culture surface was designed to regulate the morphology of rabbit chondrocytes by changing the generation number and density of dendrimer, and the relation between cell morphology and chondrogenic expression on the prepared surface was clarified. As the generation number of dendrimer increased, the frequency of round-shaped cells increased. Further suppression of cell stretching became of significance by lowering the density of dendrimer immobilized on the surface (denoted as G4-LD surface). The time-lapse observation revealed that G4-LD surface caused the repeated morphological changes of stretching and contracting with fluctuation in cell roundness. From the cytoskeletal staining of F-actin, the immature stress fibers were recognized in both the round- and stretch-shaped cells on G4-LD surface. It was also found that N-cadherin expression was promoted on this surface, leading to aggregate formation which could maintain the chondrogenic phenotypes with abundant formation of collagen type II. In the culture of mouse ES cells on the G4-LD surface, it was also demonstrated that these cells expanded as an ES cell population with an aggregated morphology, and showed a tendency to retain undifferentiated characteristics, compared with those grown under conventional conditions on gelatin surface. These results suggest that G4-LD surface can offer culture environment to promote cell-cell interactions, facilitating the cell aggregation, which can maintain the desired cell phenotypes during the cultures.