Cancer is a major health concern in the United States and in other countries: not only is cancer the second leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for one of every four deaths, but also its treatment may be associated with significant morbidity [1]. Cancers involving the male pelvic organs and their treatments are notoriously associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) [2]. Such cancers include prostate, bladder, and ano-rectal cancers. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death among men. According to the American Cancer Society, it is estimated that in 2009, 192,280 new cases will be diagnosed (25% of all new cancer cases) and 27,360 deaths (9% of cancer-related deaths) will be attributed to prostate cancer [3]. Currently, with prevalent testing for early detection, men are diagnosed in their fifth or sixth decades. The vast majority (91%) of men diagnosed with prostate cancer present with localized disease and have excellent chances of long-term survival [3]. Treatment of prostate cancer includes radical pelvic surgery to remove the prostate and the seminal vesicles – radical prostatectomy (RP), prostate irradiation (radiotherapy), delivered using various techniques or hormonal manipulation, aimed at suppression of testosterone, the principal male hormone. Reported ED incidence after RP varies greatly, from 14 to 90%, with a combined incidence reported by a recent meta-analysis to be 58% [4]. A recent prospective study reported an ED incidence of 47% a year after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer, however, it is must be remembered that radiation-induced damage may take more than a year to be fully manifested, thus, the eventual incidence is probably higher [5]. A long-term sexual function follow-up of men who had radiation for localized prostate cancer revealed that at 15 years from treatment the vast majority of men (78%) were not sexually active compared with 38% of controls and that 94% had severe ED compared to 64% of controls [6]. The addition of hormonal therapy, even short term, exerts additional deleterious effects on erectile function [7]. Bladder and ano-rectal cancers are less common, accounting for 7 and 0.3% of all male cancers, respectively, and their treatment may include extensive pelvic surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy [3].