Due to the complex anatomy of the knee joint, its proximity to nerves, vessels, ligament structures and muscles, there is a wide range of possible complications and associated lesions. Luxation fractures and comminuted fractures, which occur in young patients in the context of high-speed traumas, are often associated with ligament lesions and injuries of neurovascular structures. They are also extremely unstable. In addition to vascular and peroneal nerve injuries, which are described in the literature as occurring with a frequency of up to 20%, ligament lesions occur with a frequency of 20–25%. The incidence of meniscus injuries is given as 12–25%. The post-traumatic appearance of compartment syndrome, as well as soft tissue damage, is not to be neglected, having a significant influence on the functional outcome. A considerable number of classification systems for the morphological division of the fracture types are given in the literature. Given the ligament and neurovascular nature of accompanying injuries, a division into plateau and luxation fractures seems sensible. The AO classification includes in particular plateau fractures, while luxation fractures are shown in the classification system according to Moore. Overlaps between the classification systems exist.