Although we are going to focus on the Swiss pharmaceutical industry mostly, we will be referring to examples from both the pharmaceutical and the chemical disciplines for illustration, and will introduce the pharmaceutical industry in this wider context. The pharmaceutical industry originally emerged from the chemical industry. Still today, chemistry represents a significant part in the innovation of pharmaceutical products. There are a number of similarities in the production processes of both chemical and pharmaceutical substances. Many industry reports aggregate the chemical and the pharmaceutical industries into one single industry called ‘the pharmaceutical-chemical industry’.