Introduction
In all our daily activities, the natural surroundings that we inhabit play a crucial role. Many neurophysiologists have dedicated their efforts towards understanding how our brains can create internal representations of physical space. Both neurobiologists and roboticists are interested in understanding the behaviour of intelligent beings like us and their capacity to learn and use their knowledge of the spatial representation to navigate. The ability of intelligent beings to localize themselves and to find their way back home is linked to their internal “mapping system”. Most navigation approaches require learning and consequently entail memorizing information. Stored information can be organized into cognitive maps - a term introduced for the first time in (Tolman, 1948). Tolman advocates that the animals (rats) do not learn space as a sequence of movements; instead, the animal’s spatial capabilities rest on the construction of maps, which represent the spatial relationships between features in the environment