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Hypovolemia is frequent in critically ill patients. There is little doubt that when left unrecognized and thus untreated hypovolemia will worsen patient outcome [1]. Therefore, it is more than likely that adequate fluid resuscitation could improve the outcome of a huge number of critically ill patients worldwide. The administration of fluid is a simple and inexpensive procedure, so one of the barriers...
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) of the lungs is a bedside-available, noninvasive, and radiation-free medical imaging modality which allows real-time imaging of electrical impedance (i.e., resistance to alternating currents) changes in the thorax [1]. During breathing, lung tissue, with its relatively high impedance oscillations, is the main contributor to these changes which has led to a multitude...
Direct arterial blood pressure monitoring is frequently undertaken in operating rooms, critical care units, emergency departments and coronary care units where rapid alterations in hemodynamic status may occur in response to the underlying disease and/or treatment. In addition to providing a beat-to beat measurement of blood pressure, a careful study of the individual components of the arterial pressure...
Currently, the number and (worldwide) availability of techniques for hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient is overwhelming, as nicely summarized elsewhere [1–11]. Techniques vary from completely invasive to non-invasive, from intermittent to continuous, and differ in basic principles, methods, parameters, and costs, among others. The older a device, the more literature is available,...
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