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A formal model was prepared on behalf of the German railways (Deutsche Bahn AG) starting from an informal (natural language) specifications of the European Train Control System (ETCS) system. Proceeding from the existing models of the system design - the waterfall and the spiral model - a model for the system design was developed so as to use Petri nets as a universal means of description for all...
A joint project of the Austrian company Frequentis1 and the Technical University Graz demonstrates the applicability of executable formal models2. The formal method VDM++ has been applied to specify a safety critical voice communication system (VCS) for air-traffic control. Besides the expected improvement of the informal speciffication documents, 64 defects have been found, the efficiency of the...
The design and development of safety-critical systems requires particular care in order to ensure the highest level of confidence in the systems. A variety of lifecycle models and development standards have evolved in various areas. Formal methods are touted to be the best approach for the development on all levels. Up to now, the lack of adequate tools, the lack of knowlegde on the developers side,...
SSD is an access control, which is part of a comprehensive security system developed by the Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. SSD is being re-developed in a formal methods case study(cf Fig. 1). Since executable code has to be developed, a tool with an automatic code generator had to be chosen. VDMTools for VDM-SL is such a tool. When testing the specification, a test case indicating...
We used the specification language TLA+ to analyze the correctness of two cache-coherence protocols for shared-memory multiprocessors based on two generations (EV6 and EV7) of the Alpha processor. A memory model defines the relationship between the values written by one processor and the values read by another, and a cache-coherence protocol manipulates the caches to preserve this relationship. The...
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