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The remote Bonin Islands, a unique theater of evolutionary plays, are in danger of ecosystem degradation, and many endemic species are threatened with extinction because of various invasive aliens. To stop and reverse, if possible, the process of degradation, scientists have been attempting to control the impacts and spread of aliens. Our aim is to mitigate ecosystem degradation in such a way that...
The endemic land snails, genus Mandarina of the Ogasawara Islands, have diversified into arboreal, semi-arboreal and ground ecotypes. Shell morphologies of Mandarina species have a clear relationship with their respective ecotypes. In addition, marked geographical variations in morphology and genes are found within species. Phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences suggests...
Introduced soil animals have frequently affected native fauna on oceanic islands that have never been connected to a continental land mass. Alien soil animals can be unintentionally introduced via transfer in potted plants or by commercial trade among islands and continental landmasses. Hot water treatment to destroy pests has recently been used during the quarantine of ornamental plants. To examine...
The impact of invasive alien species on endemic insects in the Ogasawara Islands and current efforts to mitigate this impact are described. Endemic insects have probably been impacted most by the green anole ( Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) as a result of its direct predation pressure, although alien trees such as bishopwood ( Bischofia javanica) and ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia ) have also...
There are many endemic species in the Japanese Ogasawara Islands. However, many of these endemic species are likely to disappear as a result of reduction of habitat and the introduction of exotic species. Odonates are included within this category of species at risk. If the decrease in endemic odonates is due to a decrease in aquatic habitat, we have only to provide arti” flcial ponds to conserve...
The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) was introduced from North America to the Ogasawara Islands, where it has become established. The feeding behavior of these animals causes insect population collapse on the islands, and thus the species has been listed as an Invasive Alien Species in Japan since June 2005. Although the green anole population on the islands has not grown rapidly in recent times,...
Alien rat species have severe negative impacts on ecosystems in many regions, including the Ogasawara Islands. In some cases urgent countermeasures are required, for example, when predation by rats endangers populations of seabirds breeding on uninhabited islands. Some countries, notably New Zealand, have had success eradicating rats from islands using rodenticides. In 2007, we attempted to eradicate...
Bischofia javanica is the most invasive alien tree species on the Ogasawara Islands; it is seen as a significant problem for biodiversity conservation. B. javanica has colonized four Ogasawara islands, namely, Ototojima, Chichijima, Hahajima and Hirashima. On Ototojima, B. javanica was never abundant and has been almost eliminated through actions of an eradication project operating since...
Modelling and predicting the potential habitat and future range expansion of invasive species can help managers to mitigate the impact of such species. Because habitat suitability and the colonization process are key determinants of range expansion, inferences drawn from invasion patterns should be based on both attributes. To predict the potential habitat and expansion rate of the invasive tree Bischofia javanica...
Natural forests are often replaced by invasive alien trees on isolated oceanic islands. Adequate eradication of invasive trees should be conducted with the goal of biodiversity conservation, because islands support many endemic organisms that depend on native forests. An invasive alien tree, Bischofia javanica Blume (Euphorbiaceae), has invaded and replaced natural forests on the oceanic Ogasawara...
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