Wilms’ tumor is the most common abdominal tumor of childhood.
Currently, approximately 90% of children with Wilms’ tumor are cured of disease.
Wilms’ tumor may be associated with congenital anomalies such as aniridia, hemihypertrophy, and genitourinary abnormalities.
Favorable histology Wilms’ tumor accounts for >90% of cases. Anaplastic Wilms’ tumors are divided into focal or diffuse.
Clear cell sarcoma and rhabdoid tumors are unfavorable types of renal neoplasms in children and have a propensity for bone and brain metastasis.
The standard treatment approach for Wilms’ tumor in North America is nephrectomy, followed by chemotherapy with and without radiotherapy
Children with stage III favorable histology Wilms’ tumor receive postoperative radiotherapy. The current recommended dose is 10.8 Gy in six fractions to the abdominal field.
Whole-abdominal radiotherapy is given to patients with preoperative rupture, peritoneal seeding, and diffuse spill of tumor during nephrectomy.
Patients requiring whole-lung radiation receive 12 Gy in 8 fractions to the lungs bilaterally for pulmonary metastasis.