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The Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) international team of researchers and students has been studying chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Yealé, Côte d’Ivoire, in the Nimba Mountains intermittently since 1993. These efforts were interrupted in 2002 for reasons of political unrest in the country and have only resumed more recently in 2008. Nevertheless, local assistants continued...
Seringbara is a study site in the western area of the Nimba Mountains, located 6 km from Bossou. Chimpanzee research in the Seringbara region has been intermittent since 1999. Permanent research presence was established in 2003, and the chimpanzees are becoming partly habituated. Research focuses on the use of elementary technology (e.g., oil-palm use, ant-dipping, nest building), feeding ecology,...
The eastern part of the Nimba Mountains Biosphere Reserve is constituted of two strictly protected areas: the whole Guinean southern slope of the massif, called Gouéla Gouéla II, and the Déré Déré Forest, which are separated by 10 km of buffer zone consisting of lowlands with a high level of human encroachment. A behavioral and ecological study of nonhabituated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus...
The Forest of Diécké, about 50 km west of Bossou, is the second largest protected reserve in the region of Guinée Forestiére. This forest is currently an important refuge for endemic species of fauna and flora. It is one of 12 major sites for biodiversity conservation in West Africa. In 1999, Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) initiated chimpanzee research is this area to gather comparative...
Bossou is located only a few kilometers away from the national border between Guinea and Liberia. The forest extends across the national border, and Bossou chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) occasionally range into Liberia. We started surveys in Liberia in 2006, and confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in at least three areas: Bonla, Nimba Mountains, and Kpayee-Lepula. Chimpanzees in Liberia face...
Disease is one of the major threats facing great apes today. Chimpanzees across Africa are fatally susceptible to a variety of diseases, including Ebola and a range of typically human-borne diseases ranging from pneumonia to polio. In November 2003, all members of the Bossou community suffered from an outbreak of respiratory disease that resulted in the confirmed death of four individuals (two infants,...
Takemoto (2004) demonstrated that although seasonal changes in the rate of ground usage were affected to some extent by the vertical or horizontal distribution of food, the main effect seemed to be microclimatic fluctuations in the forest (Fig. 33.1). In tropical forest, various vertical structures can be observed not only in biomass production but also in temperature and relative humidity (RH) (Richards...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in much higher copies, 100–1,000 times more, in a cell than nuclear DNA, and sequencing of mtDNA is not subject to the artifacts such as stutter band or allelic dropout that are common in microsatellite genotyping, which is a popular method used in wildlife conservation studies. Although the scope of mtDNA analysis is limited to matrilineal genetic information,...
Chimpanzees are omnivorous animals, but their major food is plant material. The significance of bacterial fermentation in the large intestine for their nutrition is quite evident, because plant materials are composed of many indigestible oligomers and polymers that are fermented by intestinal bacteria to short-chain fatty acids. The nutritional significance of intestinal bacteria is presently difficult...
The great apes face many threats to their continued existence in the wild, and one of these threats is disease. Especially in the populations that are habituated for tourism or research purposes, the great apes are faced with a high risk of disease transmission from humans. Periodic monitoring of their health status is therefore necessary. Noninvasive samples such as urine and feces can be repeatedly...
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