The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Commercial organosilicon materials have many physical forms and applications, so it makes sense to focus environmental fate and effects attention on those which may have environmental exposure. This chapter summarizes the structures, manufacturing processes, applications, and production volumes of the important industrial organosilicon materials. Environmental entry and initial fate are discussed...
Silicone manufacturers worldwide have organized to study the environmental impact of organo-silicon materials, focusing primarily on polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), which constitute the largest source of organosilicon materials in wastewater treatment streams. This chapter reviews literature methods for the extraction and detection of PDMS and presents recently developed, improved analytical methods...
This chapter summarizes the estimation/measurement techniques and data available for several physico-chemical properties of selected organosilicon materials. A deliberate emphasis is placed on equilibrium partition coefficients, because of their widespread use in performing environmental calculations. Physico-chemical properties are listed in tabular form, along with conventional properties (density,...
Some of the physico-chemical properties which make organosilicon materials so useful commercially also make their ecotoxicity testing difficult using conventional methods. Standard protocols may not be appropriate for testing organosilicon materials, as many of the techniques were developed for water soluble, stable, and chemically distinct substances. For this reason, it is strongly recommended that...
A variety of organoalkoxysilanes are utilized commercially, and this chapter describes their synthesis, applications, ecotoxicity, and hydrolytic instability. The hydrolysis products of organoalkoxysilanes are organosilanols and organosiloxanols. The chemical and physical properties, synthesis, environmental formation, and fate of these materials are also summarized.
Volatile methylsiloxane (VMS) compounds are low molecular weight materials with significant vapor pressure under ambient environmental conditions. Although these products are primarily used in manufacturing higher molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes, the cyclic VMS materials are also used in cosmetics and other personal care products as carriers and emollients. VMS volatilizes into the atmosphere...
Siloxanes are a diverse group of materials which may take the form of fluids, elastomers, or resins. This chapter’s focus is on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluids. Many applications result in the disposal of PDMS fluids with down-the-drain products, which are eventually transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The authors summarize the properties and prevalence of these materials, as well...
Polyethermethylsiloxanes (PEMS) are copolymers consisting of a siloxane backbone with one or more methyl groups on the silicon atom substituted with a polyoxyalkylene (i. e. polyether) group. Commercial PEMS materials are used for a wide variety of applications, including the manufacture of polyurethane foams, textiles, personal care products, paints, and surface coatings. This chapter summarizes...
This chapter provides an overview of the principal chemical regulatory statutes in the United States. Federal laws are discussed, followed by material-specific laws and an analysis of their impact on silicones. Each section includes an overview of the statutory provisions, and covers key trends and indicators. The chapter concludes with a summary of global trends toward risk assessment and environmental...
The class of materials known generically as “silicones” is a chemically diverse group, with a wide range of uses in consumer and industrial applications. As in any new product development, designing and manufacturing silicones for commercial use requires that compliance with national and European Union (EU) regulations be an essential element, regardless of the intended market. EU legislation in the...
In the 1950s, Japan experienced a period of rapid technical growth and modernization, and by 1970, it had the free world’s second-largest gross national product. During this period of urbanization and industrial development, a series of incidents provided the initial motivation to create a legislative framework for preventing pollution. This chapter outlines the various statutes, and describes the...
This chapter presents an overview of silicone technology and the global silicone industry, including the unique properties of silicones, diverse applications, major producers, and their market share. Industry stewardship initiatives and environmental stewardship activities are also discussed. In addition, the missions and membership of the three regional (U.S., Europe, and Japan) health, environmental,...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.