AbstractLocal sweat rates (Msw) at the chest and thigh and the frequency of sweat expulsions (Fsw) were determined in human subjects with (athletes) or without (non-athletes) long-term physical training during moderate bicycle exercise (80 W for 30 min) at ambient thermoneutrality (23C) and 60% relative humidity. There was a tendency for Msw to be lower in athletes. The rise of Msw with increasing Fsw was significantly less steep and Fsw was also controlled at a significantly lower rate in athletes than in non-athletes. The start of exercise was followed by a temporary decrease in mean skin temperature (T-s) which was less distinct in athletes. The rise in T-s at the end of exercise was significant in athletes (0.80 0.26C) but not in non-athletes (0.26 0.33C). The results indicate that long-term physical training leads to improved circulatory heat transfer to the skin and to a more graded nervous control of sweat expulsion and, further, tends to reduce the rate of sweating.