In non-tracheotomised children, periodic airway assessment is required to detect early worsening or improvement of the airway obstruction and plan further management. Improvement in airway symptoms obviates the need for further endoscopic intervention. The identification of infants and children presenting a risk of rapid respiratory deterioration is facilitated by monitoring the following parameters: pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), level of carbon dioxide retention (pCO2), use of accessory respiratory muscles and level of consciousness.