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Over the past decade, metabolic engineering has emerged as an active and distinct discipline characterized by its over-arching emphasis on integration. In practice, metabolic engineering is the directed improvement of cellular properties through the application of modern genetic methods. Although it was applied on an ad hoc basis for several years following the introduction of recombinant techniques...
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been used since several decades for the large-scale production of amino acids, esp. l-glutamate and L-lysine. After initial successes of random mutagenesis and screeening approaches, further strain improvements now require a much more rational design, i.e. metabolic engineering. Not only recombinant DNA technology but also mathematical modelling of metabolism...
Polyketide natural products are a rich source of bioactive substances that have found considerable use in human health and agriculture. Their complex structures require that they be produced via fermentation processes. This review describes the strategies and challenges used to develop practical fermentation strains and processes for polyketide production. Classical strain improvement procedures,...
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanolic fermentation of xylose is summarized with emphasis on progress made during the last decade. Advances in xylose transport, initial xylose metabolism, selection of host strains, transformation and classical breeding techniques applied to industrial polyploid strains as well as modeling of xylose metabolism are discussed. The production...
We have applied the methodology of metabolic engineering in the investigation of the enzymatic bioreaction network in Rhodococcus sp. that catalyzes the bioconversion of indene to (2R)-indandiol suitable for the synthesis of cis-1-amino-2-indanol, a precursor of the HIV protease inhibitor, Crixivan. A chemostat with a novel indene air delivery system was developed to facilitate the study of steady...
The morphology of filamentous organisms in submerged cultivation is a subject of considerable interest, notably due to the influence of morphology on process productivity. The relationship between process parameters and morphology is complex: the interactions between process variables, productivity, rheology, and macro- and micro-morphology create difficulties in defining and separating cause and...
The tremendous complexity of dynamic interactions in cellular systems often impedes practical applications of metabolic engineering that are largely based on available molecular or functional knowledge. In contrast, evolutionary engineering follows nature’s ‘engineering’ principle by variation and selection. Thus, it is a complementary strategy that offers compelling scientific and applied advantages...
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